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Update 4.1.2 N and TAN Excretions authored by Claus Rösemann's avatar Claus Rösemann
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4-Manure-management/4.1-Excretions/4.1.2-N-and-TAN-Excretions.md
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......@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
![grafik](uploads/4fa4a56752f4d87391baca3c39beb351/grafik.png)
<span dir="">The amount of N retained in the piglets between birth and weaning (_m_<sub>g, piglet</sub>) is derived from the weight of the conception products, the piglet weight gain between birth and weaning and the mean N content of pigs:</span>
<span dir="">The amount of N retained in the piglets between birth and weaning (\_m\_<sub>g, piglet</sub>) is derived from the weight of the conception products, the piglet weight gain between birth and weaning and the mean N content of pigs:</span>
![grafik](uploads/9b6f935e66249b0e8d56952e78d9570a/grafik.png)
<span dir="">The mass of conception products per piglet is the the overall mass of the conception products (25 kg per sow and litter, see </span>[<span dir="">DLG, 2008b</span>](/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-2008b)<span dir="">, pg. 13) divided by the pertinent number of piglets (13 piglets per litter, see </span>[<span dir="">GfE, 2006</span>](/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2006)<span dir="">, pg. 74). The resulting mass of conception products per piglet is _a_<sub>cp</sub> = 1.923 kg per piglet.</span>
<span dir="">The mass of conception products per piglet is the the overall mass of the conception products (25 kg per sow and litter, see </span>[<span dir="">DLG, 2008b</span>](/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-2008b)<span dir="">, pg. 13) divided by the pertinent number of piglets (13 piglets per litter, see </span>[<span dir="">GfE, 2006</span>](/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2006)<span dir="">, pg. 74). The resulting mass of conception products per piglet is \_a\_<sub>cp</sub> = 1.923 kg per piglet.</span>
<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated a</span>s described [above](/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion).
......@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
![grafik](uploads/e544eeac4936d92bda5bee113d95914d/grafik.png)
<span dir="">The information on _x_<sub>XP, eggs</sub> provided by the literature varies, e.g. 0.112 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, pg. 58) and 0.121 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">Geflügeljahrbuch (2005,</span>](/9%20Literature#gefl%C3%BCgeljahrbuch-2005)<span dir=""> pg. 212). The value used in this inventory (0.119 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP) is based on the N content of eggs provided in </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8.</span>
<span dir="">The information on \_x\_<sub>XP, eggs</sub> provided by the literature varies, e.g. 0.112 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, pg. 58) and 0.121 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">Geflügeljahrbuch (2005,</span>](/9%20Literature#gefl%C3%BCgeljahrbuch-2005)<span dir=""> pg. 212). The value used in this inventory (0.119 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP) is based on the N content of eggs provided in </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8.</span>
<span dir="">The N retention is obtained from the weight gain, the lifespan as laying hen and the mean XP content of the animals:</span>
......@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
![grafik](uploads/021a950be3886b1bdfcd1188782988c4/grafik.png)
<span dir="">As _X_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy _X_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
<span dir="">As \_X\_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy \_X\_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
## Broilers
......@@ -202,21 +202,21 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
![grafik](uploads/ad595a6bb655e3d77ec6b251cb1651bd/grafik.png)
<span dir="">As _X_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy _X_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
<span dir="">As \_X\_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy \_X\_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
<span dir="">The annual amount of N taken in with feed can be calculated from the amount of feed and the crude protein (XP) content of the feed:</span>
![grafik](uploads/7a403bc21b32ad2faaadc3f7a00d3893/grafik.png)
<span dir="">The N retention per animal place and year (_m_<sub>g</sub>) is calculated as follows:</span>
<span dir="">The N retention per animal place and year (\_m\_<sub>g</sub>) is calculated as follows:</span>
![grafik](uploads/58a8133d4d7556914f675604024e79a8/grafik.png)
[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, quantify the specific N retention with _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. The description of broilers by </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, Table 2.3.1) suggests a smaller specific N retention, depending on animal age and, to some extent, on its gender. If the dependency on gender is neglected, the mean specific N retention of broilers can well be approximated by a function of the fattening duration </span>[<span dir="">(Haenel and Dämmgen, 2009a)</span>](/9%20Literature#haenel-h-d-d%C3%A4mmgen-u-2009a)<span dir="">. This function is valid for fattening durations between 21 und 56 days:</span>
[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, quantify the specific N retention with \_x\_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. The description of broilers by </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, Table 2.3.1) suggests a smaller specific N retention, depending on animal age and, to some extent, on its gender. If the dependency on gender is neglected, the mean specific N retention of broilers can well be approximated by a function of the fattening duration </span>[<span dir="">(Haenel and Dämmgen, 2009a)</span>](/9%20Literature#haenel-h-d-d%C3%A4mmgen-u-2009a)<span dir="">. This function is valid for fattening durations between 21 und 56 days:</span>
![grafik](uploads/0cf05e99c2bdd9a66c6531f7959489d1/grafik.png)
<span dir="">Based on a mean fattening duration of 40 days in 1990 (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.1</span>](/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.1-weights-and-weight-gains)<span dir="">), yields a N retention of _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0304 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. For 2010, based on data from </span>[<span dir="">Streiz (2008)</span>](/9%20Literature#streitz-e-2008)<span dir="">, it is assumed that medium-long fattening with a fattening period of approx. 37 days (see </span>[<span dir="">Berk, 2010</span>](/9%20Literature#berk-j-2010)<span dir="">) represents the average fattening period, thus one obtains _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0307 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. In order to avoid underestimation of N excretions (and, as a consequence, N emissions) the inventory calculation used _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.03 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>.</span>
<span dir="">Based on a mean fattening duration of 40 days in 1990 (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.1</span>](/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.1-weights-and-weight-gains)<span dir="">), yields a N retention of \_x\_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0304 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. For 2010, based on data from </span>[<span dir="">Streiz (2008)</span>](/9%20Literature#streitz-e-2008)<span dir="">, it is assumed that medium-long fattening with a fattening period of approx. 37 days (see </span>[<span dir="">Berk, 2010</span>](/9%20Literature#berk-j-2010)<span dir="">) represents the average fattening period, thus one obtains \_x\_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0307 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. In order to avoid underestimation of N excretions (and, as a consequence, N emissions) the inventory calculation used \_x\_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.03 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>.</span>
## Pullets
......@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
![grafik](uploads/091048acc3d64946518c4e3dd7fb2622/grafik.png)
<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](/9-Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, the specific N retention _x_<sub>N, ret, du</sub> is assumed to be 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, N retained on an average animal place amounts to</span>:
<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](/9-Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, the specific N retention \_x\_<sub>N, ret, du</sub> is assumed to be 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, N retained on an average animal place amounts to</span>:
![grafik](uploads/e872936baec9f3219d1722e3a79046da/grafik.png)
......@@ -282,13 +282,13 @@ As IPCC (2006) does not provide an N excretion value for ostrich, the value from
The IPCC default N excretions for rabbit is 8.1 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>, see IPCC (2006) 10.59, Table 10.19. This value is unrealistically high as it is in the order of magnitude ot the annual total of life weight gain.
This total of weight gain can be calculated as follows (based on data given by LfL Bayern ([LFL Website](http://www.lfl.bayern.de/ilt/tierhaltung/kleintiere/023092/))): du­ra­tion of fattening period of 87 days, i.e. about four production cycles per year, and final live weigt of 3.0 kg per animal, leading to a total weight gain of 12 kg per place and year. Hence, the N excretions of rabbit have been estimated from the N balance:
This total of weight gain can be calculated as follows (based on data given by LfL Bayern ([LfL website](https://web.archive.org/web/20221005221038/https:/www.lfl.bayern.de/ilt/tierhaltung/kleintiere/023092/))): du­ra­tion of fattening period of 87 days, i.e. about four production cycles per year, and final live weigt of 3.0 kg per animal, leading to a total weight gain of 12 kg per place and year. Hence, the N excretions of rabbit have been estimated from the N balance:
![grafik](uploads/df9b9658b725c56061fba9fada16efe8/grafik.png) In conservative manner, _Δw_<sub>round</sub> was simply set equal to the final live weight (see above). The content of crude protein of the feed, x<sub>XP,feed</sub>, was chosen to be 0.17 kg kg<sup>-1, </sup>cf. [Meissner website](http://www.meissner-widder-kaninchen.de/%20F_WERT_TAB1.html). The amount of feed (fresh matter) needed for animal weight gain is 3.5 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> (LfL Bayern). According to DLG (2005), pg.12, _x_<sub>n,ret</sub> is 0.03 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Using this data, the resulting N excretion is 0.8 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>. The UAN content of the N excretions is assumed to be 60 %.
![grafik](uploads/df9b9658b725c56061fba9fada16efe8/grafik.png) In conservative manner, \_Δw\_<sub>round</sub> was simply set equal to the final live weight (see above). The content of crude protein of the feed, x<sub>XP,feed</sub>, was chosen to be 0.17 kg kg<sup>-1, </sup>cf. [Meissner website](http://www.meissner-widder-kaninchen.de/%20F_WERT_TAB1.html). The amount of feed (fresh matter) needed for animal weight gain is 3.5 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> (LfL Bayern). According to DLG (2005), pg.12, \_x\_<sub>n,ret</sub> is 0.03 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Using this data, the resulting N excretion is 0.8 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>. The UAN content of the N excretions is assumed to be 60 %.
## Deer
According to DLG (2014) deer excrete 16 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1 </sup>an<sup>-1</sup>. The UAN content of the N excretions is assumed to be 50 % (no value provided [EMEP (2019)](/9%20Literature#emep-2019)-3B-31, Table 3.9), the value of goats was adopted.
According to DLG (2014) deer excrete 16 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1 </sup>an<sup>-1</sup>. The UAN content of the N excretions is assumed to be 50 % (no value provided by [EMEP (2019)](/9%20Literature#emep-2019)-3B-31, Table 3.9), the value of goats was adopted.
## Fur animals
......