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5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.2-Indirect-N2O-emissions.md
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N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions from managed agricultural soils and cultures fall into two categories: direct emissions and indirect emissions.
Direct emissions are emissions that are a primary effect of soil management, like e. g. NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O due to application of fertilizers. For the direct emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O see Chapter [5.3.1](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils).
Direct emissions are emissions that are a primary effect of soil management, like e. g. NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O due to application of fertilizers. For the direct emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O see Chapter [5.3.1](/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils).
Indirect emissions are N<sub>2</sub>O emissions that are a secondary effect of agricultural activities, i. e. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from soils due to deposition of reactive nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub> and NO) emitted from agricultural sources, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions that are a consequence of nitrogen leaching and runoff.
According to [IPCC (2006)](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006), indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions caused by the N management in animal housing and manure storage are attributed to animal husbandry (Sector 3.B), see Chapter [4.4.3](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.4%20Greenhouse-gases/4.4.3%20indirect%20N2O%20from%20manure%20management). For indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in connection with digestion of energy crops see also Chapter [4.4.3](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4-Manure-management/4.4-Greenhouse-gases/4.4.3-Indirect-N2O-from-manure-management#deposition). All other indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are reported in the Sector 'agricultural soils' (Sector 3.D). Their calculation is described in the following.
According to [IPCC (2006)](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006), indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions caused by the N management in animal housing and manure storage are attributed to animal husbandry (Sector 3.B), see Chapter [4.4.3](/4%20Manure%20management/4.4%20Greenhouse-gases/4.4.3%20indirect%20N2O%20from%20manure%20management). For indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in connection with digestion of energy crops see also Chapter [4.4.3](/4-Manure-management/4.4-Greenhouse-gases/4.4.3-Indirect-N2O-from-manure-management#deposition). All other indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are reported in the Sector 'agricultural soils' (Sector 3.D). Their calculation is described in the following.
Table 1 gives an overview of the methodologies applied. At the time being, only Tier 1 calculation procedures are available.
......@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ Nitrogen inputs into soils are to some extent liable to runoff and leaching. The
<span dir="">Frac<sub>LEACH</sub> is defined as the relative fraction of N inputs into the soil that is lost via leaching and surface runoff (Frac<sub>LEACH</sub> = m<sub>leach</sub>/m<sub>soil</sub>; for m<sub>leach</sub> and m<sub>soil</sub>, see below.</span>
<span dir="">In the German inventory, Frac<sub>LEACH</sub> is an input value. The IPCC default value Frac<sub>LEACH</sub> = 0.30 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> (</span>[<span dir="">IPCC (2006)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.24, Table 11.3) is used.</span>
<span dir="">In the German inventory, Frac<sub>LEACH</sub> is an input value. The IPCC default value Frac<sub>LEACH</sub> = 0.30 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> (</span>[<span dir="">IPCC (2006)</span>](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.24, Table 11.3) is used.</span>
## Activity data
The amount of leached N (_m_<sub>leach</sub>) that leads to indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions is calculated by multiplying an amount of N (_m_<sub>N, </sub>see Equation below) with the leaching factor _Frac_<sub>leach</sub>. According to [IPCC (2006)](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)-11.24, Table 11.3, _Frac_<sub>leach</sub> = 0.3 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. The criterion for the application of _Frac_<sub>leach</sub> = 0.3 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> is the exceedance of the soil water-holding capacity, see [IPCC (2006a)](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006a)-11.24, Table 11.3. As there is groundwater recharge all over Germany ([Neumann & Wycisk, 2002](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#neumann-j-wycisk-p-2002)) it can be assumed, on an annual basis, that soil water-holding capacity is exceeded in Germany.
The amount of leached N (_m_<sub>leach</sub>) that leads to indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emissions is calculated by multiplying an amount of N (_m_<sub>N, </sub>see Equation below) with the leaching factor _Frac_<sub>leach</sub>. According to [IPCC (2006)](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)-11.24, Table 11.3, _Frac_<sub>leach</sub> = 0.3 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. The criterion for the application of _Frac_<sub>leach</sub> = 0.3 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> is the exceedance of the soil water-holding capacity, see [IPCC (2006a)](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006a)-11.24, Table 11.3. As there is groundwater recharge all over Germany ([Neumann & Wycisk, 2002](/9-Literature#neumann-j-wycisk-p-2002)) it can be assumed, on an annual basis, that soil water-holding capacity is exceeded in Germany.
![grafik](uploads/dc2c13dac283c144aea3aa765ceaebcf/grafik.png)
......@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ The amount of N available (_m_<sub>N</sub>) is defined as follows:
## Calculation of emissions
The N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are calculated using a Tier 1 methodology according to [IPCC(2006)](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)-11.21, Equation 11.10:
The N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are calculated using a Tier 1 methodology according to [IPCC(2006)](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)-11.21, Equation 11.10:
![grafik](uploads/a2ab3d8feb8326ae280a3f78615ba905/grafik.png)
The N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor is 0.0075 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>, see [IPCC (2006)](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)-11.24, Table 11.3.
The N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor is 0.0075 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>, see [IPCC (2006)](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)-11.24, Table 11.3.
# Deposition of reactive nitrogen
......@@ -62,22 +62,22 @@ The N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor is 0.0075 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>, see [IPCC (20
![grafik](uploads/a659746013f98b9b9fad30d3dcb014e2/grafik.png)
<span dir="">The N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor _EF_<sub>N2O-N, dep</sub> is given as 0.01 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> (</span>[<span dir="">IPCC(2006)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.24, Table 11.3).</span>
<span dir="">The N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factor _EF_<sub>N2O-N, dep</sub> is given as 0.01 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> (</span>[<span dir="">IPCC(2006)</span>](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.24, Table 11.3).</span>
The fractions described in the following have to be reported within the framework of emission reporting (CRF table 3.D). They are NOT used for the calculation of indirect emissions.
## Frac<sub>GASF</sub>
<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">IPCC (2006)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.21, Equation 11.9, Frac<sub>GASF</sub> is defined as the fraction of total N in synthetic fertilizers applied that is emitted as NH<sub>3</sub>-N and NO-N.</span>
<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">IPCC (2006)</span>](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.21, Equation 11.9, Frac<sub>GASF</sub> is defined as the fraction of total N in synthetic fertilizers applied that is emitted as NH<sub>3</sub>-N and NO-N.</span>
<span dir="">In the German inventory the quantity Frac<sub>GASF</sub> is not used as an input parameter. It is back-calculated from input and output data once the emission calculations are terminated.</span>
<span dir="">Frac<sub>GASF</sub> is primarily determined by NH<sub>3</sub>-N and, because of the different NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors of the various synthetic fertilizer types, especially by the synthetic fertilizer mix of the respective year: Because of the comparatively high emission factor of urea (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">5.2.1.2</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.1-NH3-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2.1.2-NH3-emissions-from-spreading-of-synthetic-fertilizers,-animal-manures,-digestates,-sewage-sludge,-compost)<span dir="">) there is a very good correlation of Frac<sub>GASF</sub> with the relative ratio _r_<sub>UN</sub> of urea-N to total synthetic fertilizer N, but only up to the year 2019, as the emission factor was lowered from 2020 onwards (see chapter </span>[<span dir="">5.2.1.2</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.1-NH3-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2.1.2-NH3-emissions-from-spreading-of-synthetic-fertilizers,-animal-manures,-digestates,-sewage-sludge,-compost)<span dir="">).</span>
<span dir="">Frac<sub>GASF</sub> is primarily determined by NH<sub>3</sub>-N and, because of the different NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors of the various synthetic fertilizer types, especially by the synthetic fertilizer mix of the respective year: Because of the comparatively high emission factor of urea (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">5.2.1.2</span>](/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.1-NH3-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2.1.2-NH3-emissions-from-spreading-of-synthetic-fertilizers,-animal-manures,-digestates,-sewage-sludge,-compost)<span dir="">) there is a very good correlation of Frac<sub>GASF</sub> with the relative ratio _r_<sub>UN</sub> of urea-N to total synthetic fertilizer N, but only up to the year 2019, as the emission factor was lowered from 2020 onwards (see chapter </span>[<span dir="">5.2.1.2</span>](/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.1-NH3-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2.1.2-NH3-emissions-from-spreading-of-synthetic-fertilizers,-animal-manures,-digestates,-sewage-sludge,-compost)<span dir="">).</span>
<span dir="">Chapter </span>[<span dir="">7</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/7%20International%20comparisons%20of%20results#soils-and-crops)<span dir=""> shows, for example, the German Frac<sub>GASF</sub> value for the penultimate time-series year. For the full time series, see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">8</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/8%20references%20to%20the%20data%20collection#soil-data)<span dir="">.</span>
<span dir="">Chapter </span>[<span dir="">7</span>](/7%20International%20comparisons%20of%20results#soils-and-crops)<span dir=""> shows, for example, the German Frac<sub>GASF</sub> value for the penultimate time-series year. For the full time series, see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">8</span>](/8%20references%20to%20the%20data%20collection#soil-data)<span dir="">.</span>
## Frac<sub>GASM</sub>
<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">IPCC (2006)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.21, Equation 11.9, Frac<sub>GASM</sub> is "the fraction of total organic N fertilizer materials and of urine and dung deposited by grazing animals" that is emitted as NH<sub>3</sub>-N and NO-N. (The Frac<sub>GASM</sub> definition in CRF 3.D is not the same as this definition and is thus ignored in German reporting.)</span>
<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">IPCC (2006)</span>](/9-Literature#ipcc-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-2006)<span dir="">-11.21, Equation 11.9, Frac<sub>GASM</sub> is "the fraction of total organic N fertilizer materials and of urine and dung deposited by grazing animals" that is emitted as NH<sub>3</sub>-N and NO-N. (The Frac<sub>GASM</sub> definition in CRF 3.D is not the same as this definition and is thus ignored in German reporting.)</span>
<span dir="">In the German inventory the quantity Frac<sub>GASM</sub> is not used as an input parameter. It is back-calculated from input and output data once the emission calculations are terminated. Chapter </span>[<span dir="">7</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/7%20International%20comparisons%20of%20results#soils-and-crops)<span dir=""> shows, for example, the German Frac<sub>GASM</sub> value for the penultimate time-series year. For the full time series, see Chapter </span>[8](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/8%20references%20to%20the%20data%20collection#soil-data).
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<span dir="">In the German inventory the quantity Frac<sub>GASM</sub> is not used as an input parameter. It is back-calculated from input and output data once the emission calculations are terminated. Chapter </span>[<span dir="">7</span>](/7%20International%20comparisons%20of%20results#soils-and-crops)<span dir=""> shows, for example, the German Frac<sub>GASM</sub> value for the penultimate time-series year. For the full time series, see Chapter </span>[8](/8%20references%20to%20the%20data%20collection#soil-data).
\ No newline at end of file