This reverts commit e083facef03dc8c50c228d2d70e694bad2177c54.

4-Manure-management/4.1-Excretions/4.1.2-N-and-TAN-Excretions.md

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 
 # General
 
-For the calculation of NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, NO and N<sub>2</sub> emissions from animal husbandry (see Chapter [1.2](1-General-aspects/1.2-Inventory-model-py-gas-em)) the excretions of N and TAN are needed per animal place and year. TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) is the total amount of nitrogen in the forms of NH<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the excretions. It is the share of the total N excretions from which emissions of ammonia occur (see e.g. [Dämmgen and Erisman, 2005)](9%20Literature#d%C3%A4mmgen-u-erisman-jw-2005). In the inventory, TAN is assumed to be equal to the amount of N excreted in urine. For poultry, the excretion of uric acid nitrogen (UAN) is needed instead of TAN, see [Dämmgen und Erisman (2005)](9%20Literature#d%C3%A4mmgen-u-erisman-jw-2005). At the time being, the use of UAN excretions is impossible in the inventory, as the hydrolysis of uric acid producing ammonium carbonate occurs outside the birds’ bodies. In particular, it is difficult to model the influence of humidity on this process. Hence, emission inventories make use of mean potential TAN contents for their calculations which means that the UAN excreted is completely considered to be TAN. Hence, the procedures described in the following apply equally to mammals and poultry. The description of the methodology aims at giving an overview of the principal calculation steps. For details see the animal chapters, below the general parts. For the excretions of animal categories that, like e. g. goats and sheep, are not a key source, default excretion values provided in the guidelines or national data sources are used. For key sources (like e. g. dairy cows and fattening pigs) the N and TAN excretions are calculated using the N mass balance of the animal.
+For the calculation of NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, NO and N<sub>2</sub> emissions from animal husbandry (see Chapter [1.2](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/1-General-aspects/1.2-Inventory-model-py-gas-em)) the excretions of N and TAN are needed per animal place and year. TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) is the total amount of nitrogen in the forms of NH<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the excretions. It is the share of the total N excretions from which emissions of ammonia occur (see e.g. [Dämmgen and Erisman, 2005)](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#d%C3%A4mmgen-u-erisman-jw-2005). In the inventory, TAN is assumed to be equal to the amount of N excreted in urine. For poultry, the excretion of uric acid nitrogen (UAN) is needed instead of TAN, see [Dämmgen und Erisman (2005)](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#d%C3%A4mmgen-u-erisman-jw-2005). At the time being, the use of UAN excretions is impossible in the inventory, as the hydrolysis of uric acid producing ammonium carbonate occurs outside the birds’ bodies. In particular, it is difficult to model the influence of humidity on this process. Hence, emission inventories make use of mean potential TAN contents for their calculations which means that the UAN excreted is completely considered to be TAN. Hence, the procedures described in the following apply equally to mammals and poultry. The description of the methodology aims at giving an overview of the principal calculation steps. For details see the animal chapters, below the general parts. For the excretions of animal categories that, like e. g. goats and sheep, are not a key source, default excretion values provided in the guidelines or national data sources are used. For key sources (like e. g. dairy cows and fattening pigs) the N and TAN excretions are calculated using the N mass balance of the animal.
 
 ## N excretion
 
-The Equation below describes the annual N mass balance for an average animal place as defined in Chapter [1.1](1-General-aspects/1.1-symbols,-units,-definitions) (m<sub>l</sub> = 0 for all animals except dairy cows and laying hens; m<sub>p</sub> = 0 for animals for meat production):
+The Equation below describes the annual N mass balance for an average animal place as defined in Chapter [1.1](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/1-General-aspects/1.1-symbols,-units,-definitions) (m<sub>l</sub> = 0 for all animals except dairy cows and laying hens; m<sub>p</sub> = 0 for animals for meat production):
 
 ![grafik](uploads/e020fd738fe4c2777347993b2c8a6601/grafik.png)
 
-The N intake with feed (m<sub>feed</sub>) is determined by the intake of feed and the average crude protein content of the feed. As a rule, the amount of feed intake is a function of the energy requirements of the animal and the energy content of the feed. The calculation is based on the assumption that the energy requirements be exactly satisfied. In the respective equation the energy requirements and the energy content of the feed are given in ME units (ME = metabolizable energy). For dairy cows the units to be used are NEL units (NEL = net energy lactation), see Chapter [2.4.4](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.4-Energy-requirements).
+The N intake with feed (m<sub>feed</sub>) is determined by the intake of feed and the average crude protein content of the feed. As a rule, the amount of feed intake is a function of the energy requirements of the animal and the energy content of the feed. The calculation is based on the assumption that the energy requirements be exactly satisfied. In the respective equation the energy requirements and the energy content of the feed are given in ME units (ME = metabolizable energy). For dairy cows the units to be used are NEL units (NEL = net energy lactation), see Chapter [2.4.4](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.4-Energy-requirements).
 
 ![grafik](uploads/f2c8e9f960273dfc38ef65e4bfac8f61/grafik.png)
 
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ The other components of the N balance are given by:
 
 ## TAN excretion
 
-The amount of TAN needed for the assessment of the emissions of N species from mammals (see Chapter [1.2](1-General-aspects/1.2-Inventory-model-py-gas-em)) is defined as the share of digestible N taken in with feeds that is not retained in the animal or excreted with milk or offspring. This definition presupposes the knowledge of the digestibility of crude protein (X<sub>DXP</sub>). As already mentioned above, for poultry the excretion of uric acid nitrogen (UAN) should be considered instead of TAN excretions. However, the inventory considers the amount of UAN to be TAN. The calculation of UAN is performed in analogy to the following equation for the TAN excretion, where the losses on the right-hand side are represented by N retention in case of pullets and by the sum of N retention and N in eggs in case of laying hens.
+The amount of TAN needed for the assessment of the emissions of N species from mammals (see Chapter [1.2](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/1-General-aspects/1.2-Inventory-model-py-gas-em)) is defined as the share of digestible N taken in with feeds that is not retained in the animal or excreted with milk or offspring. This definition presupposes the knowledge of the digestibility of crude protein (X<sub>DXP</sub>). As already mentioned above, for poultry the excretion of uric acid nitrogen (UAN) should be considered instead of TAN excretions. However, the inventory considers the amount of UAN to be TAN. The calculation of UAN is performed in analogy to the following equation for the TAN excretion, where the losses on the right-hand side are represented by N retention in case of pullets and by the sum of N retention and N in eggs in case of laying hens.
 
 ![grafik](uploads/78ece9df8cd8bf423cf8f0e8faf58338/grafik.png)
 
-If the value of X<sub>DXP</sub> is not known, it must be estimated. For this purpose, the quantity X<sub>DE</sub> (digestibility of energy, see Chapter [2.4.7](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.7-Digestibilites)) is used in the inventory. Since X<sub>DE</sub> is usually somewhat larger than X<sub>DXP</sub>, this results in a certain overestimation of the TAN quantity and thus also of the NH<sub>3</sub> emissions. For dairy cows the amount of TAN is calculated differently, see dairy cow chapter below.
+If the value of X<sub>DXP</sub> is not known, it must be estimated. For this purpose, the quantity X<sub>DE</sub> (digestibility of energy, see Chapter [2.4.7](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.7-Digestibilites)) is used in the inventory. Since X<sub>DE</sub> is usually somewhat larger than X<sub>DXP</sub>, this results in a certain overestimation of the TAN quantity and thus also of the NH<sub>3</sub> emissions. For dairy cows the amount of TAN is calculated differently, see dairy cow chapter below.
 
 The relative TAN content x<sub>TAN</sub> of the excreta is defined as:
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ The relative TAN content x<sub>TAN</sub> of the excreta is defined as:
 
 ## <span dir="">Partitioning of N excretions between different housing systems and grazing</span>
 
-<span dir="">The emission factors of different housing systems and of grazing differ in some cases considerably. The N and TAN excretions must therefore be divided up according to the relative occurrence of husbandry systems and grazing. The data required for this are provided by RAUMIS or taken from the agricultural statistics (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.5</span>](2%20Input%20data/2.5%20Frequency%20distributions:%20housing%20storage,%20spreading%20and%20grazing%20data)<span dir="">).</span>
+<span dir="">The emission factors of different housing systems and of grazing differ in some cases considerably. The N and TAN excretions must therefore be divided up according to the relative occurrence of husbandry systems and grazing. The data required for this are provided by RAUMIS or taken from the agricultural statistics (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.5</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2%20Input%20data/2.5%20Frequency%20distributions:%20housing%20storage,%20spreading%20and%20grazing%20data)<span dir="">).</span>
 
 <span dir="">In the first step, the N and TAN quantities that are deposited on the pasture are defined. In the absence of differentiated and representative data on the temporal distribution of excretions, it is assumed that the ratio of annual excretion on pasture to total annual excretion corresponds to the relative proportion of time f<sub>time, graz </sub>that is spent annually on pasture.</span>
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The relative TAN content x<sub>TAN</sub> of the excreta is defined as:
 
 **N excretion**
 
-<span dir="">The annual N intake m<sub>feed </sub>is directly proportional to the intake of crude protein XP<sub>int</sub>, which is calculated analogously to the GE intake (GE<sub>int</sub>) described</span> in Chapter [2.4.5](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake#modeling-ge-intake).
+<span dir="">The annual N intake m<sub>feed </sub>is directly proportional to the intake of crude protein XP<sub>int</sub>, which is calculated analogously to the GE intake (GE<sub>int</sub>) described</span> in Chapter [2.4.5](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake#modeling-ge-intake).
 
 ![grafik](uploads/d1301eca6b404a052299a2d501f2a578/grafik.png)
 
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ The annual amount on N retained in weight gained is calculated as follows:
 
 ![grafik](uploads/bd97b7d5b3d389bb7173b61580f0e88a/grafik.png)
 
-The amount of N used for milk production ist proportional to the milk yield and milk protein content. Data on these input variables for dairy cows are described in Chapter [2.4.8](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.8-Milk-yield-and-milk-composition).
+The amount of N used for milk production ist proportional to the milk yield and milk protein content. Data on these input variables for dairy cows are described in Chapter [2.4.8](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.8-Milk-yield-and-milk-composition).
 
 ![grafik](uploads/e813f9212417f6da8622a87ce23538ac/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The N requirement for pregnancy is calculated proportionally to the number of births per year. </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2005, 2014)</span>](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir=""> use the value 0.025 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> as the proportionality factor x<sub>N,offspring</sub>. This only represents the N requirement for the fetus. In the emission calculation model, however, with reference to </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2001)</span>](9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2001)<span dir="">, p. 47, equation (2.2.1), the N requirement for the development of the pregnant uterus is also taken into account. This results in a combined nitrogen requirement of x<sub>N, p</sub> = 0.0302 kg per kg of calf birth weight. As in </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2014)</span>](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir="">, p. 34, the birth weight is set at 45 kg. (For </span>[<span dir="">DLG, 2005</span>](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir="">, it can be derived from the N-balance calculations described there that the birth weight was assumed to be 45 kg.)</span>
+<span dir="">The N requirement for pregnancy is calculated proportionally to the number of births per year. </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2005, 2014)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir=""> use the value 0.025 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> as the proportionality factor x<sub>N,offspring</sub>. This only represents the N requirement for the fetus. In the emission calculation model, however, with reference to </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2001)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2001)<span dir="">, p. 47, equation (2.2.1), the N requirement for the development of the pregnant uterus is also taken into account. This results in a combined nitrogen requirement of x<sub>N, p</sub> = 0.0302 kg per kg of calf birth weight. As in </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2014)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir="">, p. 34, the birth weight is set at 45 kg. (For </span>[<span dir="">DLG, 2005</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir="">, it can be derived from the N-balance calculations described there that the birth weight was assumed to be 45 kg.)</span>
 
 ![grafik](uploads/253159f5ea604d066ecab4b43af29946/grafik.png)
 
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ The amount of N used for milk production ist proportional to the milk yield and
 
 <span dir="">For the calculation of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, the proportion of N excretion known as TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) is required, which is equated with the amount of N excreted in urine</span>.
 
-<span dir="">Urine N cannot satisfactorily be related to the N intake with feed (e.g. </span>[<span dir="">Kebreab et al., 2001, 2002</span>](9%20Literature#kebreab-e-france-j-beever-de-castillo-ar-2001)<span dir="">; </span>[<span dir="">Gehman et al., 2008</span>](9%20Literature#gehman-am-kononoff-pj-mullins-cr-janicek-bn-2008)<span dir="">), because the actual XP digestibility of the feed decreases as feed intake rate increases. Hence, in order to obtain urine, the inventory model Py-GAS-EM first calculates faecal N excretion which is then subtracted from total N excretion to obtain TAN excretion.</span>
+<span dir="">Urine N cannot satisfactorily be related to the N intake with feed (e.g. </span>[<span dir="">Kebreab et al., 2001, 2002</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#kebreab-e-france-j-beever-de-castillo-ar-2001)<span dir="">; </span>[<span dir="">Gehman et al., 2008</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#gehman-am-kononoff-pj-mullins-cr-janicek-bn-2008)<span dir="">), because the actual XP digestibility of the feed decreases as feed intake rate increases. Hence, in order to obtain urine, the inventory model Py-GAS-EM first calculates faecal N excretion which is then subtracted from total N excretion to obtain TAN excretion.</span>
 
 ![grafik](uploads/1a6b1b5402ca186f5c60a5d6755294f5/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The method for calculating faecal N excretion was derived in Denmark on the basis of experimental data and is in good agreement with similar methods reported in the literature (</span>[<span dir="">Kristensen et al., 1998</span>](9%20Literature#kristensen-vf-kristensen-t-aaes-o-hansen-ok-1998)<span dir="">, p. 117). A review of the procedure using German data showed that it can be transferred to German conditions </span>[<span dir="">(KTBL, 2021)</span>](9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-2021-1)<span dir="">. After adapting to the notation in this report, the faecal-N formula from </span>[<span dir="">Kristensen et al. (1998)</span>](9%20Literature#kristensen-vf-kristensen-t-aaes-o-hansen-ok-1998)<span dir="">, p. 117 is:</span>
+<span dir="">The method for calculating faecal N excretion was derived in Denmark on the basis of experimental data and is in good agreement with similar methods reported in the literature (</span>[<span dir="">Kristensen et al., 1998</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#kristensen-vf-kristensen-t-aaes-o-hansen-ok-1998)<span dir="">, p. 117). A review of the procedure using German data showed that it can be transferred to German conditions </span>[<span dir="">(KTBL, 2021)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-2021-1)<span dir="">. After adapting to the notation in this report, the faecal-N formula from </span>[<span dir="">Kristensen et al. (1998)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#kristensen-vf-kristensen-t-aaes-o-hansen-ok-1998)<span dir="">, p. 117 is:</span>
 
 ![grafik](uploads/c9f500625b274c7c68245e15882a8f0f/grafik.png)
 
@@ -90,23 +90,23 @@ The amount of N used for milk production ist proportional to the milk yield and
 
 ## Calves
 
-<span dir="">The feed N intake corresponds to the raw protein intake (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.7</span>](2%20Input%20data/2.4%20Animal%20activity%20and%20performance%20data/2.4.7%20Intake%20of%20XP%20and%20other%20nutrients#calves)<span dir="">) multiplied by the N content of the feed raw protein (1 / 6.25 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>). The result is an N intake of 22.2 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>.</span> Using the equations above (see [General](4-Manure-management/4.1-Excretions/4.1.2-N-and-TAN-Excretions/edit#)) results in an value of m<sub>g</sub> = 6.0 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> and in the total annual N excretion per place of 16.2 <span dir="">kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup></span> . <span dir="">The resulting annual TAN excretion per place is 10.5 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> (64.7% of the total N excretion).</span>
+<span dir="">The feed N intake corresponds to the raw protein intake (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.7</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2%20Input%20data/2.4%20Animal%20activity%20and%20performance%20data/2.4.7%20Intake%20of%20XP%20and%20other%20nutrients#calves)<span dir="">) multiplied by the N content of the feed raw protein (1 / 6.25 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>). The result is an N intake of 22.2 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>.</span> Using the equations above (see [General](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4-Manure-management/4.1-Excretions/4.1.2-N-and-TAN-Excretions/edit#)) results in an value of m<sub>g</sub> = 6.0 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> and in the total annual N excretion per place of 16.2 <span dir="">kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup></span> . <span dir="">The resulting annual TAN excretion per place is 10.5 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> (64.7% of the total N excretion).</span>
 
 ## Heifers
 
-N excretion data are obtained from the N mass balance using the amounts of N intake, N retention due to growth and N retained in the first calf (only for dairy heifers). The N intake rate is assessed from the dry matter intake rate of the various diet constituents and their crude protein contents (see Chapter [2.4.5](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake)), which are transformed into N contents by multiplication with the N content of crude protein ((1/6,25 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>). The N retention is based on an N content of the animals body of 0.0272 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> ([LFL, 2006a](9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a), Table 8).
+N excretion data are obtained from the N mass balance using the amounts of N intake, N retention due to growth and N retained in the first calf (only for dairy heifers). The N intake rate is assessed from the dry matter intake rate of the various diet constituents and their crude protein contents (see Chapter [2.4.5](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake)), which are transformed into N contents by multiplication with the N content of crude protein ((1/6,25 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>). The N retention is based on an N content of the animals body of 0.0272 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> ([LFL, 2006a](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a), Table 8).
 
-The birthweight of a calf is assumed to be 45 kg ([DLG, 2014](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2014)) and the specific N content of calves is assumed to be 0.025 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> ([DLG, 2014](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2014)).
+The birthweight of a calf is assumed to be 45 kg ([DLG, 2014](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2014)) and the specific N content of calves is assumed to be 0.025 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> ([DLG, 2014](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2014)).
 
 ## Male beef cattle
 
-The N intake rate is assessed from the dry matter intake rate of the various diet constituents and their crude protein contents (see Chapter [2.4.5](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake)), which are transformed into N contents by multiplication with the N content of crude protein ((1/6,25 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>).
+The N intake rate is assessed from the dry matter intake rate of the various diet constituents and their crude protein contents (see Chapter [2.4.5](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake)), which are transformed into N contents by multiplication with the N content of crude protein ((1/6,25 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>).
 
-The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body of 0.0272 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> ([LfL, 2006a](9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a), Table 8).
+The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body of 0.0272 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> ([LfL, 2006a](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a), Table 8).
 
 ## Male cattle > 2 years
 
-<span dir="">In accordance with </span>[<span dir="">KTBL (2006b)</span>](9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-ed-2006b)<span dir="">, pg. 412, the nitrogen excretion is assumed to amount to 84 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> N, 60 % of which is assumed to be TAN (according to (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP, 2019</span>](9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9, other cattle).</span>
+<span dir="">In accordance with </span>[<span dir="">KTBL (2006b)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-ed-2006b)<span dir="">, pg. 412, the nitrogen excretion is assumed to amount to 84 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> N, 60 % of which is assumed to be TAN (according to (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP, 2019</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9, other cattle).</span>
 
 # Pigs
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/40a8dde96be2f865fca4181d70eb90bf/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The temporal variation during a production cycle of sows’ weight cannot be incorporated in the inventory. However, the mean net weight gain can be taken into account. According to </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2006)</span>](9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2006)<span dir="">, pg. 74, and </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2008b)</span>](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-2008b)<span dir="">, pgs 13 and 14, this can be estimated to be 35 kg per production cycle, a fact that has to be taken into account for the calculation of the N balance of the system sow-pigs.</span>
+<span dir="">The temporal variation during a production cycle of sows’ weight cannot be incorporated in the inventory. However, the mean net weight gain can be taken into account. According to </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2006)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2006)<span dir="">, pg. 74, and </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2008b)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-2008b)<span dir="">, pgs 13 and 14, this can be estimated to be 35 kg per production cycle, a fact that has to be taken into account for the calculation of the N balance of the system sow-pigs.</span>
 
 ![grafik](uploads/ec0109f25ad3da05a9a6a244236c821b/grafik.png)
 
@@ -128,17 +128,17 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/afa919b4343cdd56c83b82fbbdef14cd/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The mass of conception products per piglet is the the overall mass of the conception products (25 kg per sow and litter, see </span>[<span dir="">DLG, 2008b</span>](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-2008b)<span dir="">, pg. 13) divided by the pertinent number of piglets (13 piglets per litter, see </span>[<span dir="">GfE, 2006</span>](9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2006)<span dir="">, pg. 74). The resulting mass of conception products per piglet is _a_<sub>cp</sub> = 1.923 kg per piglet.</span>
+<span dir="">The mass of conception products per piglet is the the overall mass of the conception products (25 kg per sow and litter, see </span>[<span dir="">DLG, 2008b</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-2008b)<span dir="">, pg. 13) divided by the pertinent number of piglets (13 piglets per litter, see </span>[<span dir="">GfE, 2006</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2006)<span dir="">, pg. 74). The resulting mass of conception products per piglet is _a_<sub>cp</sub> = 1.923 kg per piglet.</span>
 
-<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated a</span>s described [above](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion).
+<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated a</span>s described [above](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion).
 
 ## Weaners
 
-<span dir="">The amount of N taken in with feed is calculated using typical diet composition and amounts of feed. The N intake is a function of performance (growth). The amount of N retained is subtracted (N content of weaners’ bodies: 0.0256 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>; </span>[<span dir="">LfL, 2004a</span>](9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2004b)<span dir="">).</span>
+<span dir="">The amount of N taken in with feed is calculated using typical diet composition and amounts of feed. The N intake is a function of performance (growth). The amount of N retained is subtracted (N content of weaners’ bodies: 0.0256 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>; </span>[<span dir="">LfL, 2004a</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2004b)<span dir="">).</span>
 
 ![grafik](uploads/80485a08dd12fe7a0be6a0595f818852/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">.</span>
+<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">.</span>
 
 ## Fattening pigs
 
@@ -146,27 +146,27 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/4a0d5f936e31547e1504c7b104dee19f/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">.</span>
+<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">.</span>
 
 ## Breeding boars
 
-<span dir="">The N excretion calculation is based on the ME requirements (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.4</span>](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.4-Energy-requirements)<span dir="">) and the ME and N contents of the feed (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.5</span>](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake#breeding-boars)<span dir="">). No N retention is considered.</span>
+<span dir="">The N excretion calculation is based on the ME requirements (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.4</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.4-Energy-requirements)<span dir="">) and the ME and N contents of the feed (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.5</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.5-Feed-and-energy-intake#breeding-boars)<span dir="">). No N retention is considered.</span>
 
-<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">.</span>
+<span dir="">The TAN content of the N excretions is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">.</span>
 
 <span dir="">Since the input data are the same for all years of the time series, there is a uniform N excretion of 27.8 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> and a TAN content of around 83% for all years.</span>
 
 # Small ruminants
 
-<span dir="">The data on N excretion for goats available for Germany is 11 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup> (</span>[<span dir="">LfL, 2003</span>](9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-ed-2003)<span dir="">). All calculations are based on this figure. A fraction of 50 % of the nitrogen excreted is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP(2019)</span>](9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
+<span dir="">The data on N excretion for goats available for Germany is 11 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup> (</span>[<span dir="">LfL, 2003</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-ed-2003)<span dir="">). All calculations are based on this figure. A fraction of 50 % of the nitrogen excreted is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP(2019)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
 
-<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">KTBL (2004, pg. 227)</span>](9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-ed-2004)<span dir=""> lambs fattened in the house excrete 3 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup>, while grazing lambs excrete 5 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup>. The inventory uses the mean of these data (4 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup></span>). <span dir="">50 % of the N excreted is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP (2019)</span>](9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
+<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">KTBL (2004, pg. 227)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-ed-2004)<span dir=""> lambs fattened in the house excrete 3 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup>, while grazing lambs excrete 5 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup>. The inventory uses the mean of these data (4 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup></span>). <span dir="">50 % of the N excreted is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP (2019)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
 
-<span dir="">In Germany, an N excretion of 10 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> is assumed for a ewe without lambs </span>[<span dir="">(KTBL, 2004, pg. 427)</span>](9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-ed-2004)<span dir="">. This value is also used for the other adult sheep. A fraction of 50 % of the nitrogen excreted is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP (2019)</span>](9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
+<span dir="">In Germany, an N excretion of 10 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> is assumed for a ewe without lambs </span>[<span dir="">(KTBL, 2004, pg. 427)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#ktbl-kuratorium-f%C3%BCr-technik-und-bauwesen-in-der-landwirtschaft-ed-2004)<span dir="">. This value is also used for the other adult sheep. A fraction of 50 % of the nitrogen excreted is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP (2019)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
 
 # Horses
 
-<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2005)</span>](9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir="">, pg 55, saddle-horses with a weight of 500 to 600 kg an<sup>-1</sup> with mixed stabling and grazing and occasional work excrete 53.6 kg N (pl ∙ a<sup>-1</sup>). For light horses a value of 33.4 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup> is given. A fraction of 0.6 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP(2019)</span>](9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
+<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">DLG (2005)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#dlg-deutsche-landwirtschaftsgesellschaft-ed-2005)<span dir="">, pg 55, saddle-horses with a weight of 500 to 600 kg an<sup>-1</sup> with mixed stabling and grazing and occasional work excrete 53.6 kg N (pl ∙ a<sup>-1</sup>). For light horses a value of 33.4 kg N (pl ∙ a)<sup>-1</sup> is given. A fraction of 0.6 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> is assumed to be TAN (</span>[<span dir="">EMEP(2019)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
 
 # Poultry
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/e544eeac4936d92bda5bee113d95914d/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The information on _x_<sub>XP, eggs</sub> provided by the literature varies, e.g. 0.112 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, pg. 58) and 0.121 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">Geflügeljahrbuch (2005,</span>](9%20Literature#gefl%C3%BCgeljahrbuch-2005)<span dir=""> pg. 212). The value used in this inventory (0.119 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP) is based on the N content of eggs provided in </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8.</span>
+<span dir="">The information on _x_<sub>XP, eggs</sub> provided by the literature varies, e.g. 0.112 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, pg. 58) and 0.121 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP in </span>[<span dir="">Geflügeljahrbuch (2005,</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#gefl%C3%BCgeljahrbuch-2005)<span dir=""> pg. 212). The value used in this inventory (0.119 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> XP) is based on the N content of eggs provided in </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8.</span>
 
 <span dir="">The N retention is obtained from the weight gain, the lifespan as laying hen and the mean XP content of the animals:</span>
 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/021a950be3886b1bdfcd1188782988c4/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">As _X_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy _X_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
+<span dir="">As _X_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy _X_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
 
 ## Broilers
 
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/b72c3634327a631612c6ab43b80978e4/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated according to the method described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">:</span>
+<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated according to the method described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">:</span>
 
 ![grafik](uploads/ad595a6bb655e3d77ec6b251cb1651bd/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">As _X_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy _X_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
+<span dir="">As _X_<sub>DXP</sub> is not available, the digestibility of energy _X_<sub>DE</sub> (see </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
 
 <span dir="">The annual amount of N taken in with feed can be calculated from the amount of feed and the crude protein (XP) content of the feed:</span>
 
@@ -220,11 +220,11 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/58a8133d4d7556914f675604024e79a8/grafik.png)
 
-[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, quantify the specific N retention with _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. The description of broilers by </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, Table 2.3.1) suggests a smaller specific N retention, depending on animal age and, to some extent, on its gender. If the dependency on gender is neglected, the mean specific N retention of broilers can well be approximated by a function of the fattening duration </span>[<span dir="">(Haenel and Dämmgen, 2009a)</span>](9%20Literature#haenel-h-d-d%C3%A4mmgen-u-2009a)<span dir="">. This function is valid for fattening durations between 21 und 56 days:</span>
+[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, quantify the specific N retention with _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. The description of broilers by </span>[<span dir="">GfE (2000</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#gfe-gesellschaft-f%C3%BCr-ern%C3%A4hrungsphysiologie-ausschuss-f%C3%BCr-bedarfsnormen-2000)<span dir="">, Table 2.3.1) suggests a smaller specific N retention, depending on animal age and, to some extent, on its gender. If the dependency on gender is neglected, the mean specific N retention of broilers can well be approximated by a function of the fattening duration </span>[<span dir="">(Haenel and Dämmgen, 2009a)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#haenel-h-d-d%C3%A4mmgen-u-2009a)<span dir="">. This function is valid for fattening durations between 21 und 56 days:</span>
 
 ![grafik](uploads/0cf05e99c2bdd9a66c6531f7959489d1/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">Based on a mean fattening duration of 40 days in 1990 (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.1</span>](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.1-weights-and-weight-gains)<span dir="">), yields a N retention of _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0304 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. For 2010, based on data from </span>[<span dir="">Streiz (2008)</span>](9%20Literature#streitz-e-2008)<span dir="">, it is assumed that medium-long fattening with a fattening period of approx. 37 days (see </span>[<span dir="">Berk, 2010</span>](9%20Literature#berk-j-2010)<span dir="">) represents the average fattening period,  thus one obtains _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0307 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. In order to avoid underestimation of N excretions (and, as a consequence, N emissions) the inventory calculation used _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.03 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>.</span>
+<span dir="">Based on a mean fattening duration of 40 days in 1990 (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.1</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.1-weights-and-weight-gains)<span dir="">), yields a N retention of _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0304 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. For 2010, based on data from </span>[<span dir="">Streiz (2008)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#streitz-e-2008)<span dir="">, it is assumed that medium-long fattening with a fattening period of approx. 37 days (see </span>[<span dir="">Berk, 2010</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#berk-j-2010)<span dir="">) represents the average fattening period,  thus one obtains _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.0307 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. In order to avoid underestimation of N excretions (and, as a consequence, N emissions) the inventory calculation used _x_<sub>N, ret</sub> = 0.03 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>.</span>
 
 ## Pullets
 
@@ -234,15 +234,15 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/16f1f6a3042f96b47e678dd7e5f6e705/grafik.png)
 
-[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, report a specific N retention of 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> N. Thus, N retained on an average animal place amounts to</span>:
+[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, report a specific N retention of 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> N. Thus, N retained on an average animal place amounts to</span>:
 
 ![grafik](uploads/1e1c7f329e25d76833c356232d04a3e5/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">, see for example the UAN calculation for </span>[<span dir="">broilers</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#broilers)<span dir="">. As the digestibility of crude protein is not available, the digestibility of energy is used instead.</span>
+<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated as described </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">, see for example the UAN calculation for </span>[<span dir="">broilers</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#broilers)<span dir="">. As the digestibility of crude protein is not available, the digestibility of energy is used instead.</span>
 
 ## Geese
 
-<span dir="">According to DLG (2014), pg. 91, geese excrete 702 g an<sup>-1</sup> = 702 g pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1 </sup>an<sup>-1</sup>. The UAN content of the N excretions is assumed to be 70 % (see </span>[<span dir="">EMEP (2019)</span>](9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
+<span dir="">According to DLG (2014), pg. 91, geese excrete 702 g an<sup>-1</sup> = 702 g pl<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1 </sup>an<sup>-1</sup>. The UAN content of the N excretions is assumed to be 70 % (see </span>[<span dir="">EMEP (2019)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9%20Literature#emep-2019)<span dir="">-3B-31, Table 3.9).</span>
 
 <span dir="">A spatial and temporal differentiation of N and UAN excretion is not possible due to a lack of corresponding input data.</span>
 
@@ -256,11 +256,11 @@ The amount of N retained is calculated assuming an N content of the animal body
 
 ![grafik](uploads/091048acc3d64946518c4e3dd7fb2622/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](9-Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, the specific N retention _x_<sub>N, ret, du</sub> is assumed to be 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, N retained on an average animal place amounts to</span>:
+<span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">LfL (2006a)</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/9-Literature#lfl-bayerische-landesanstalt-f%C3%BCr-landwirtschaft-2006a)<span dir="">, Table 8, the specific N retention _x_<sub>N, ret, du</sub> is assumed to be 0.035 kg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, N retained on an average animal place amounts to</span>:
 
 ![grafik](uploads/e872936baec9f3219d1722e3a79046da/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated according to the method describd </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">, see for example the UAN calculation for </span>[<span dir="">broilers</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#broilers)<span dir="">. As the digestibility of crude protein is not available, the digestibility of energy (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.7</span>](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.7-Digestibilites)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
+<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated according to the method describd </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">, see for example the UAN calculation for </span>[<span dir="">broilers</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#broilers)<span dir="">. As the digestibility of crude protein is not available, the digestibility of energy (see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.7</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.7-Digestibilites)<span dir="">) is used instead.</span>
 
 ## Turkeys
 
@@ -278,4 +278,4 @@ and
 
 ![grafik](uploads/36d6976d4f394887bf8d17ffbbe11606/grafik.png)
 
-<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated according to to the method describd </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">, see for example the UAN calculation for </span>[<span dir="">broilers</span>](4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#broilers)<span dir="">. For the digestibility of crude protein see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.7</span>](2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.7-Digestibilites)<span dir="">.</span>
+<span dir="">The amount of UAN in the amount of N excreted is calculated according to to the method describd </span>[<span dir="">above</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#tan-excretion)<span dir="">, see for example the UAN calculation for </span>[<span dir="">broilers</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/4%20Manure%20management/4.1%20Excretions/4.1.2%20N%20and%20TAN-Excretions#broilers)<span dir="">. For the digestibility of crude protein see Chapter </span>[<span dir="">2.4.7</span>](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.4-Animal-activity-and-performance-data/2.4.7-Digestibilites)<span dir="">.</span>
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