| ... | ... | @@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ and |
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<span dir="">In a first step ME<sub>pg, d, KTBL</sub> is used as an estimate instead of ME<sub>pg, d</sub> in the equation for μ<sub>ME, mean</sub>, also for female beef cattle, since no corresponding data are available for them. For female beef cattle the, the age at slaughter takes the place of the age at first calving in the calculation of ME<sub>pg, d, KTBL</sub>. The transfer of the equation above to female beef cattle seems justified because the age-dependent term is linear, and this also applies approximately to the wight-dependency of the ME requirement for maintenance and thus also for grazing.</span>
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<span dir="">Since ME<sub>pg, d, KTBL</sub> and the other data included in the calculation of μ\_<sub>ME, mean</sub> (share of animals with no grazing, grazing time of grazing animals, total ME requirement, feed properties) from different sources, an overestimation or underestimation of μ<sub>ME, mean</sub> a priori, cannot be ruled out.</span>
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<span dir="">Since ME<sub>pg, d, KTBL</sub> and the other data included in the calculation of μ<sub>ME, mean</sub> (share of animals with no grazing, grazing time of grazing animals, total ME requirement, feed properties) from different sources, an overestimation or underestimation of μ<sub>ME, mean</sub> a priori, cannot be ruled out.</span>
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<span dir="">In a second step, it is therefore checked, whether the μ<sub>ME, mean</sub> calculated with ME<sub>pg, d, KTBL</sub> satisfies the conditions resulting from the fact that r<sub>GW</sub> and r<sub>FW</sub> cannot be negative:</span>
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<span dir="">The lower limit in this equation means that, on average, for all heifers that go to pasture, the ME pasture grass portion cannot be less than in the forage variant with the lowest non-zero ME pasture grass portion. Accordingly, the upper limit takes into account that the mean ME pasture grass proportion cannot be greater than in the forage variant with the highest ME pasture grass proportion other than zero.</span> <span dir="">If the initially calculated μ\_<sub>ME, mean</sub> is greater than the upper limit in the equation above, it is set to the value of the upper limit; if it is smaller than the lower limit, it is set equal to the lower limit (both cases mean that ME<sub>pg, d</sub> differs from ME<sub>pg, d, KTBL</sub>).</span>
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<span dir="">The lower limit in this equation means that, on average, for all heifers that go to pasture, the ME pasture grass portion cannot be less than in the forage variant with the lowest non-zero ME pasture grass portion. Accordingly, the upper limit takes into account that the mean ME pasture grass proportion cannot be greater than in the forage variant with the highest ME pasture grass proportion other than zero.</span> <span dir="">If the initially calculated μ<sub>ME, mean</sub> is greater than the upper limit in the equation above, it is set to the value of the upper limit; if it is smaller than the lower limit, it is set equal to the lower limit (both cases mean that ME<sub>pg, d</sub> differs from ME<sub>pg, d, KTBL</sub>).</span>
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<span dir="">For the population mean annual dry matter intake it finally follows:</span>
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| ... | ... | @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ and |
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<span dir="">By analogy, the mean digestibility is obtained as a weighted mean over all phases of a production cycle.</span>
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<span dir="">The amount of nitrogen taken in with feed is obtained by multiplying each term in the numerator of the previous equation with the respective \_x\_<sub>N</sub> value given in Table 7.</span>
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<span dir="">The amount of nitrogen taken in with feed is obtained by multiplying each term in the numerator of the previous equation with the respective x<sub>N</sub> value given in Table 7.</span>
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<span dir="">By analogy to the calculation of the daily feed intake, the amount of gross energy taken in daily with the feed is given by (averaged over the production cycle):</span>
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| ... | ... | @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ and |
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<span dir="">A relative carcass weight of \_x\_<sub>br, cw</sub> = 0.73 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> is used (Federal Statistical Office, personal communication).</span>
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<span dir="">A relative carcass weight of x<sub>br, cw</sub> = 0.73 kg kg<sup>-1</sup> is used (Federal Statistical Office, personal communication).</span>
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<span dir="">This immediately leads to the annual intake of dry matter:</span>
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| ... | ... | @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ The feed and energy intake for geese is not calculated, as fixed N-excretion val |
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<span dir="">The feed conversion factor \_x\_<sub>feed, du</sub> is estimated by linear interpolation of feed intake data given by </span>[<span dir="">Tüller (1999)</span>](/9-Literature#t%C3%BCller-r-1999)<span dir="">, pg. 131, as function of total weight gain (final weight minus duckling weight):</span>
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<span dir="">The feed conversion factor x<sub>feed, du</sub> is estimated by linear interpolation of feed intake data given by </span>[<span dir="">Tüller (1999)</span>](/9-Literature#t%C3%BCller-r-1999)<span dir="">, pg. 131, as function of total weight gain (final weight minus duckling weight):</span>
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| ... | ... | @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ The feed and energy intake for geese is not calculated, as fixed N-excretion val |
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A typical dry matter content of feed of 88 % is assumed, this results in a daily feed intake, related to dry matter, of around 0.125 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>. <span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">Jeroch und Dänicke (2005)</span>](/9-Literature#jeroch-h-d%C3%A4nicke-s-2005)<span dir="">, pg. 166, the ME content of duck fattening (\_η\_<sub>ME, feed</sub>) diet related to fresh matter is 11.5 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>, while </span>[<span dir="">Brehme (2007)</span>](/9-Literature#brehme-g-2007)<span dir=""> reports a ME content of 12 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup> to 12.5 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>. The inventory uses 12 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>, related to fresh matter.</span>
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A typical dry matter content of feed of 88 % is assumed, this results in a daily feed intake, related to dry matter, of around 0.125 kg pl<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>. <span dir="">According to </span>[<span dir="">Jeroch und Dänicke (2005)</span>](/9-Literature#jeroch-h-d%C3%A4nicke-s-2005)<span dir="">, pg. 166, the ME content of duck fattening (η<sub>ME, feed</sub>) diet related to fresh matter is 11.5 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>, while </span>[<span dir="">Brehme (2007)</span>](/9-Literature#brehme-g-2007)<span dir=""> reports a ME content of 12 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup> to 12.5 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>. The inventory uses 12 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>, related to fresh matter.</span>
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## Turkeys
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| ... | ... | |
