*[5.1 digestion of energy crops and management of the digestate](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.1-digestion-of-energy-crops-and-management-of-the-digestate)
*[5.2 Air pollutants and dust](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust)
*[5.2.1 NH3 emissions from crop production and agricultural soils](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.1-NH3-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils)
*[5.2.1.1 NH3 from grazing](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.1-NH3-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2.1.1-NH3-emissions-from-grazing)
*[5.2.1.2 NH3 from spreading of synthetic fertilizers, animal manures, digestates, sewage sludge, compost](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.1-NH3-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2.1.2-NH3-emissions-from-spreading-of-synthetic-fertilizers,-animal-manures,-digestates,-sewage-sludge,-compost)
*[5.2.2 NOx emissions from crop production and agricultural soils](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.2-NOx-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils)
*[5.2.2.1 NOx from grazing](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.2-NOx-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2.2.1-NOx-emissions-from-grazing)
*[5.2.3 NMVOC emissions from crop production and agricultural soils](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.3-NMVOC-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils)
*[5.2.4 PM emissions from crop production and agricultural soils](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.2-Air-pollutants-and-dust/5.2.4-PM-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils)
*[5.3.1 Direct N2O emissions from crop production and agricultural soils](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils)
*[5.3.1.1 Direct N2O from grazing](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3.1.1-Direct-N2O-from-grazing)
*[5.3.1.2 Direct N2O from spreading of synthetic fertilizers, animal manures, digestates, sewage sludge, composts](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3.1.2-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-spreading-of-synthetic-fertilizers,-animal-manures,-digestates,-sewage-sludge,-composts)
*[5.3.1.3 Direct N2O emissions from crop residues](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3.1.3-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-residues)
*[5.3.1.4 Direct N2O emissions from management of organic soils](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3.1.4-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-management-of-organic-soils)
*[5.3.1.5 Direct N2O emissions from mineralization](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.1-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3.1.5-Direct-N2O-emissions-from-mineralization)
*[5.3.3 CO2 Emissions from liming and application of urea](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/5-Crop-production-and-agricultural-soils/5.3-Greenhouse-gases/5.3.3-CO2-Emissions-from-liming-and-application-of-urea)
Emissions from managed agricultural soils and cultures fall into two categories: direct emissions and indirect emissions.
Direct emissions are emissions that are a primary effect of soil management, like e. g. NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions due to application of fertilizers. Indirect emissions are N<sub>2</sub>O emissions that are a secondary effect of agricultural activities, i. e. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from soils due to deposition of reactive nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub> and NO) emitted from agricultural sources, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions that are a consequence of nitrogen leaching and runoff.
For the following sources direct emissions are reported:
- application of synthetic fertilizers,
- application of animal manures,
- application of digestates,
- application of sewage sludge,
- application of composts,
- N excretions during grazing,
- crop residues,
- cultivation of organic soils,
- mineralization,
- liming,
- cultivation of soils.
The gases emitted are NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub></sub>und CO<sub>2</sub>. In addition, the inventory calculates the emissions of NMVOC and particulate matter (PM) from cultivation of soils.
No emissions from rice cultivation occur in Germany. Emissions from the burning of crop residues in the field are negligible in Germany. This is the subject of Chapter [2.9](https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/EmissionsAgriculture2023/-/wikis/2-Input-data/2.9-Field-burning-of-agricultural-residues).
<spandir="">Table 1 gives an overview of the methodologies used.</span>
**Table 1: <span dir="">Agricultural soils, procedures used for the calculation of direct emissions</span>**
<spandir="">The emission calculations use district resolution, except for N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from mineralization and organic soils, where federal-state resolution is used.</span>
